Summary: Lakebase Search adds vector, keyword, and hybrid search to Neon through the lakebase_vector and lakebase_text Postgres extensions, with optional configurable tokenization from lakebase_tokenizer. Use this page to understand the search types, how the extensions work, the scale-to-zero architecture advantages, and where to get started.

Scalable vector and full-text search for Postgres

About Lakebase:

Lakebase Search is developed by Databricks. These extensions are part of the shared technology foundation between Neon and the Databricks Lakebase platform.

Lakebase Search adds vector, keyword, and hybrid search to your Neon project. Install lakebase_vector for vector search, lakebase_text for BM25 keyword search, and lakebase_tokenizer for configurable tokenization.

Lakebase Search gives you two complementary ways to search. Use either on its own, or combine them:

• Vector (semantic) search finds rows whose meaning is closest to your query, even when they share no words. You search with an embedding (a numeric vector from a model), and the lakebase_ann index returns the nearest vectors by distance. Use it for natural-language questions, recommendations, and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).
• Keyword (full-text) search ranks rows by how well they match the exact terms in your query, using BM25 relevance scoring from the lakebase_bm25 index. Use it for names, codes, and exact-term lookups where wording matters.
• Hybrid search runs both and merges the results into one ranking, so you get semantic and exact-term matches together. Use it when queries mix intent with specific terms, which covers most real-world search. The Get started guide shows a worked hybrid query.

Lakebase Search is built on three Postgres extensions:

• lakebase_vector: adds the lakebase_ann index type for vector similarity search. No migration from pgvector required. The same vector types, distance operators, and query syntax work unchanged. Scales to over 1 billion vectors on a single index.
• lakebase_text: adds the lakebase_bm25 index type for BM25 keyword search. No migration from Postgres full-text search required. Standard tsvector types and query operators work unchanged. Adds BM25 ranking and top-K pushdown that native GIN lacks.
• lakebase_tokenizer: adds configurable whole-word tokenization through Postgres's text-search dictionary interface. It produces standard tsvector values that work with GIN and lakebase_bm25 indexes.

lakebase_ann is designed for the separated compute/storage architecture that powers Neon. Because the index lives in storage rather than in compute memory, it works naturally with Neon's scale-to-zero model: your vector index is available immediately after a cold start, with no warmup required. You only pay for compute when your database is actively serving requests. This holds for production workloads and for development or staging environments where the database sits idle most of the time.

It uses IVF (Inverted File) partitioning to divide the vector space into lists and searches only the relevant ones at query time, using sequential I/O that suits storage-backed systems. RaBitQ quantization compresses vectors 4–8x, keeping index size and build time down. The result:

• Scale to 1 billion+ vectors: a single lakebase_ann index grows with your data without resharding or rebuilding
• Faster index builds: compression reduces index size significantly, making builds 50–100x faster than HNSW
• Branching without index rebuilds: Neon branches copy-on-write; your search indexes are available instantly on every branch without re-indexing
• Scale-to-zero compatible: indexes survive cold starts without warmup; you don't pay for idle compute

• Quickstart: Install lakebase_vector and lakebase_text, create a schema, insert documents with embeddings, and run your first searches
• lakebase_vector reference: Index options, operator classes, and tuning reference for lakebase_vector
• lakebase_text reference: BM25 operators, functions, fallback parameters, and prefilter reference for lakebase_text
• lakebase_tokenizer reference: Whole-word tokenization options, custom stop words, synonyms, and stemming

• Get started
• Migrate from pg_search

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